Use of Telemedicine in Evaluation of Pediatric Surgical Patients in COVID-19 Time

Objective?The word “telemedicine” literally translates to “healing at a distance.” In the current scenario of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and shut outpatient department, the patients are facing difficulty in consultation. This article evaluated the use of telemedicine in the management of pediatric surgical patients. Materials and Methods?In this observational cohort study, from April 2020 to August 2020, all patients who took advice on phone/WhatsApp were assessed for addressing their complaints. The data was collected and analyzed. Result?A total of 307 patients were provided consultation via telecommunication. The male to female ratio was 2.3:1. Fifty-six (18.2%) patients called on an emergency basis, while the remaining 251 (81.8%) patients called for nonemergency or routine problems. Of these, attendants of 25 (8.14%) patients were not able to state the situation adequately. They were called to the department. Of these, 11 (3.5% of total) patients were admitted. One-hundred and eighty-three (59.6%) patients were in the department's follow-up, while the remaining 124 (40.4%) were new patients. The attendants of 296 (96.4%) patients were satisfied by using this modality of consultation. Conclusion?In the current scenario, telecommunication may help us to avoid unnecessary travel to the hospital. It may be helpful to deal with minor clinical complaints and evaluating for an emergency.

Primer reporte nacional de técnica de puestow modificada para el tratamiento de la pancreatitis aguda recidivante en pediatría / First national report of modified puestow technique for the treatment of recurrent acute pancreatitis in pediatrics / Primeiro relatório nacional de técnica puestow modificada para o tratamento de pancreatite aguda recorrente em pediatria

Se comunica el primer reporte nacional del tratamiento de pancreatitis aguda recidivante mediante derivación Wirsung-yeyunal en pediatría. Se trata de un paciente con múltiples ingresos hospitalarios por episodios de pancreatitis, con complicaciones evolutivas de pseudoquistes pancreáticos, estenosis y litiasis del conducto de Wirsung. Se realiza derivación Wirsung-yeyunal por vía convencional con buena evolución posterior.

The first national report of the treatment of recurrent acute pancreatitis by means of Wirsung-jejunal diversion in pediatrics is communicated. This is a patient with multiple hospital admissions for episodes of pancreatitis, with evolutionary complications of pancreatic pseudocysts, stenosis, and Wirsung duct lithiasis. Wirsung-jejunal bypass was performed by conventional route with good subsequent evolution.

O primeiro relato nacional do tratamento de pancreatite aguda recorrente por derivação Wirsung-jejunal em pediatria é relatado. Trata-se de um paciente com múltiplas internações hospitalares por episódios de pancreatite, com complicações progressivas de pseudocistos pancreáticos, estenose e cálculos do ducto de Wirsung. A derivação Wirsung-jejunal foi realizada por via convencional com boa evolução posterior.

Morphologic improvements of trachea of children with congenital tracheal stenosis after slide tracheoplasty / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To study the changes of stenotic segment trachea diameter, trachea length and carina angle before and after slide tracheoplasty.Methods:From January 2010 to January 2018, 77 children with congenital tracheal stenosis(female=36) with complete clinical data accepted slide tracheoplasty in Shanghai Children's Medical Center were selected as the observation group. The diameter of stenosis segment, the length of stenosis segment, the full length of trachea and carina angle were measured by CT image, and the ratio of stenosis segment length to full trachea length was calculated. A group of children with normal trachea morphology and the same sample number, and they had no significant difference in age, height and weight were selected as the control group.Results:The median operative age of 77 children in the observation group was 1.3(1.1, 1.9)years old, the height was 76.0(72.0, 83.0)cm, and the weight was 9.0(7.9, 10.8)kg. The age, height and weight of 77 children in the control group were 1.5(1.0, 2.0) years old and 78.0(71.0, 85.0) cm, 9.2(7.9, 11.0) kg respectively. After slide tracheoplasty, the diameter of trachea in the stenotic segment of children increased from 2.7 mm to 4.4 mm, which was increased by 63.0%( P<0.001), but still smaller than that of children in the control group(6.1 mm). The average length of trachea was shortened by 0.7 cm( P<0.001), and there was no significant difference between the total length of trachea(5.4 cm) and the total length of trachea(5.5 cm). The postoperative carina angle decreased by 27.9°( P<0.001), there was no significant difference in postoperative carina angle between the observation group(93.0°) and the control group(90.7°). Conclusion:The diameter of reconstructed trachea in children with CTS is significantly increased, the length and carina angle of trachea become smaller after slide tracheoplasty. The morphology of trachea is more similar to children in the control group.

Bourse aiguë de l'enfant en chirurgie pédiatrique du chu Gabriel touré / Acute bursa of the child in pediatric surgery at the teaching hospital Gabriel Touré

La bourse aiguë est une urgence médico-chirurgicale de part ses nombreuses étiologies menaçant le pronostic fonctionnel des testicules et leurs annexes. Objectifs : Identifier les causes des bourses aiguës de l'enfant et décrire leurs aspects cliniques et thérapeutiques. Matériels et méthode : Il s'agissait d'une étude descriptive retroprospective allant du 1er janvier 2010 au 31 Décembre 2015 portant sur tous les enfants âgés de 0 à 15 ans reçus et traités pour bourse aiguë dans le service de Chirurgie Pédiatrique du CHU Gabriel Touré. Résultats: En 6 ans, nous avons enregistré 42 patients soit une fréquence de 1,4% des urgences chirurgicales. L'âge moyen était de 2,98 ans (24jours-14 ans). La prématurité a représenté 11,9 % des cas. La tuméfaction scrotale douloureuse était le principal motif de consultation (76,2%), Les principales étiologies étaient la HISE (90,5%), le traumatisme scrotal (4,7%), l'orchiépididymite (2,4%) et la torsion testiculaire (2,4%). Le traitement était chirurgical dans 97,6% des cas. L'évolution après 3 mois était simple dans 97,6% des cas. Conclusion: La bourse aigue de l'enfant est une pathologie peu fréquente touchant surtout les nourrissons. La hernie inguino-scrotale étranglée était la principale étiologie. Le diagnostic doit être précoce et le traitement adéquat afin de reduire la morbi-mortalité

Acute bursa is a medico-surgical emergency because of its many etiologies threatening the functional prognosis of the testes and their appendages. Objectives: Identify the causes of acute bursaries in the child and describe their clinical and therapeutic aspects. Materials and method: This were a retrospective descriptive study from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2015, on all children aged 0 to 15 years received and treated for acute scholarship in the Pediatric Surgery department at the teaching hospital Gabriel Touré. Results: In 6 years, we registered 42 patients, ie a frequency of 1.4% of surgical emergencies. The mean age was 2.98 years (24 days-14 years). Prematurity represented 11.9% of cases. Painful scrotal tumefaction was the main reason for consultation (76.2%), The main a etiologies were HISE (90.5%), scrotal trauma (4.7%), orchi epididymitis (2.4%) and testicular torsion (2.4%). The treatment was surgical in 97.6% of cases. The course after 3 months was simple in 97.6% of cases. Conclusion: Acute bursa in children is an uncommon condition, especially affecting infants. Strangulated inguino-scrotal hernia was the main aetiology. The diagnosis must be early and the treatment adequate in order to reduce morbidity and mortality

Homenaje póstumo al Dr. Claudio Julio Puente Fonseca (1945-2021) / Posthumous tribute to Dr. Claudio Julio Puente Fonseca (1945 - 2021)

En este artículo se mencionan algunos aspectos de la vida y obra del doctor Claudio Julio Puente Fonseca, Especialista de Segundo Grado en Cirugía Pediátrica, Profesor Titular y Consultante de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba. Durante varios años fue el Jefe del Grupo Provincial de la especialidad. Sus logros en la asistencia, docencia, contribución al uso correcto de la lengua española y de la terminología médica fueron relevantes para sus alumnos y colegas.

Some aspects of the life and work of Dr. Claudio Julio Puente Fonseca, Second Degree Specialist in Pediatric Surgery, Associate and Consultant Professor in Santiago Medical Sciences University, are mentioned in this work. During several years he was the Provincial Group Head of the Speciality. His achievements in assistance, teaching, contributions to the correct use of Spanish and of the medical terminology were relevant for his pupils and colleagues.

Cirugía transumbilical asistida versus multipuerto en pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda / Assisted versus multiport transumbilical surgery for acute appendicitis in pediatric patients

Introducción. La prevención de las complicaciones en el manejo de la apendicitis aguda sigue siendo un reto para el cirujano pediatra; por lo que es de gran importancia comparar las opciones de manejo quirúrgico, para saber si es posible prevenir dichos resultados, que finalmente llevan a un aumento en el uso de recursos necesarios para tratar a un paciente. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar las complicaciones postoperatorias y los costos de la laparoscopia transumbilical asistida y la laparoscopia multipuerto, en pacientes pediátricos en un hospital general de cuarto nivel de la ciudad de Bogotá, D.C., Colombia, entre octubre de 2011 y enero de 2019. Métodos. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte transversal, con muestreo no probabilístico a conveniencia, en el que se incluyeron los pacientes entre 0 y 16 años de edad, con historia clínica completa y diagnóstico postquirúrgico de apendicitis aguda, los cuales fueron intervenidos mediante cirugía laparoscópica transumbilical asistida o por multipuerto. Se hizo un análisis descriptivo univariado y bivariado. Resultados. De los 850 pacientes operados en ese periodo, la técnica quirúrgica más usada fue multipuerto (n=528, 62,1%) y se presentaron complicaciones en 59 (6,94%) de los pacientes. El diagnóstico postquirúrgico más frecuente fue apendicitis no perforada (n=762, 89,6%). Al comparar los dos grupos se encontró un valor de p de 0,9685 para la edad, 0,5364 para el diagnóstico postquirúrgico, 0,1127 para las complicaciones postoperatorias y 0,0085 para el costo. Discusión. El costo de hospitalización y las complicaciones de los pacientes a quienes se les practicó apendicectomía transumbilical asistida es similar a la técnica por multipuerto

Introduction. The prevention of complications in the management of acute appendicitis remains a challenge for the pediatric surgeon. Therefore, it is of great importance to compare the surgical management options, to know if it is possible to prevent these results, which ultimately lead to an increase in the use of resources necessary to treat a patient. The objective of this study was to compare the postoperative complications and costs of assisted transumbilical laparoscopy and multiport laparoscopy in pediatric patients. Method. Observational, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study with non-probabilistic convenience sampling, where patients between 0 and 16 years old with a complete medical history, with a postsurgical diagnosis of acute appendicitis, who underwent assisted transumbilical surgery or by multiport performed at a fourth level general hospital in Bogotá, Colombia, between October 2011 and January of 2019. A descriptive univariate and bivariate analysis was performed. Results. Of the 850 patients operated on in this period, the most used surgical technique was multiport (n=528; 62.1%) and complications occurred in 59 (6.94%) of the patients. The most frequent postsurgical diagnosis was non-perforated appendicitis (n=762; 89.6%). Comparing the two groups, a p-value of 0.9685 was found for age, 0.5364 for postsurgical diagnosis, 0.1127 for postoperative complications, and 0.0085 for cost. Discussion. The cost of hospitalization and complications for patients who underwent assisted transumbilical appendectomy is similar to the multiport technique

Ginecomastia: Consideraciones médicas y quirúrgicas en cirugía general / Gynecomastia: Medical and surgical considerations in general surgery

La ginecomastia, definida como el crecimiento del tejido glandular mamario en los hombres, aparece desde la etapa neonatal hasta la senil, puede ser unilateral o bilateral, y es de causa multifactorial, incluyendo aquellos pacientes asociados al uso de medicamentos, donde predomina un desbalance en la relación testosterona­estrógeno. Relativamente, la idiopática es la más frecuente. La mayoría involucionan espontáneamente, las neonatales por perdida del influjo transplacentario en las primeras semanas, y las puberales entre 12 a 24 meses. Se presenta como un aumento del tamaño mamario, asintomático o con hipersensibilidad por inflamación durante el crecimiento del tejido fibroglandular mamario, con una repercusión psicológica enorme, sobre todo en la etapa de la adolescencia. El estudio y manejo es interdisciplinario y se ofrece de acuerdo con las condiciones y la etiología. Aquellos pacientes púberes en quienes no involuciona reciben tratamientos médicos, o tratamientos quirúrgicos cuando falla la terapéutica o hay presión social, e incluso radioterapia en casos donde desarrollan ginecomastia con hipersensibilidad al tratamiento hormonal del cáncer de próstata

Gynecomastia, defined as the growth of breast glandular tissue in men, appears from the neonatal to senile stage, can be unilateral or bilateral, and is of multifactorial cause, including those patients associated with the use of medications, where an imbalance in the testosterone ­ estrogen ratio. Relatively, idiopathic is the most common. Most regress spontaneously, neonatals due to loss of transplacental influx in the first weeks, and pubertal ones between 12 to 24 months. It presents as an increase in breast size, asymptomatic or with hypersensitivity due to inflammation during the growth of the mammary fibroglandular tissue, with an enormous psychological repercussion, especially in adolescence. The study and management is interdisciplinary and offered according to conditions and etiology. Those pubertal patients in whom it does not regress receive medical treatments, or surgical treatments when therapy fails or there is social pressure, and even radiotherapy in cases where they develop gynecomastia with hypersensitivity to hormonal treatment of prostate cancer

Análise das cirurgias realizadas no Hospital Infantil Joana de Gusmão, antes e após a pandemia do novo corona vírus / Analysis of surgeries performed at the Joana de Gusmão Child's Hospital, before and after the new corona virus pandemic

Introduction: The Joana de Gusmão Children's Hospital is a leading pediatric hospital in Santa Catarina, However, with the pandemic caused by the new Coronavirus, experienced in 2020, the profile of care has changed due to the suspension of elective surgeries in the State of Santa Catarina. Objectives: To analyze the incidence and profile of elective, urgent and emergent procedures performed by the Pediatric Surgery service, at the Joana de Gusmão Children's Hospital, comparing the period before and during the pandemic. Method: A Retrospective descriptive study conducted between September 2019 and September 2020, using data from the Medical and Statistical Archive Service at the Joana de Gusmão Children's Hospital. Elective, urgent and emergent surgical procedures were compared, quantitatively, six months before and six months during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: 1.035 operations were performed by the Pediatric Surgery Service, six months before the pandemic: 610 were elective procedures (59,93%) and 425 urgent and emergent procedures (41,06%). On the other hand, during the pandemic, there was a total of 589 operations, from which 128 elective (21,73%) and 461 urgent and emergent surgical procedures (78,26%). Most of these procedures, both urgent and elective, in both periods, were among four topics of study. Conclusion: There was a significant reduction in the number of surgeries performed during the pandemic, mainly due to an important decrease in elective surgeries. There was also a slight increase in the number of emergency surgeries.

Introdução: O Hospital Infantil Joana de Gusmão (HIJG), é um hospital pediátrico de referência em Santa Catarina. Contudo, com a pandemia causada pelo novo Coronavírus, vivenciada neste ano de 2020, o perfil de atendimentos teve alterações, devido à suspensão de cirurgias eletivas no Estado de Santa Catarina. Objetivos: Analisar a incidência e tipos de procedimentos eletivos, de urgência e emergência realizados pelo serviço de Cirurgia Pediátrica, no HIJG, no período antes da pandemia comparando com o mesmo período durante a pandemia. Método: Estudo retrospectivo descritivo horizontal realizado entre setembro de 2019 e setembro de 2020, utilizando dados acessados através do Serviço de Arquivo Médico e Estatístico (SAME) do HIJG. Foram comparados os procedimentos cirúrgicos eletivos, de urgência e emergência, de forma quantitativa, por seis meses antes; e seis meses seguintes durante a pandemia do COVID-19. Resultados: Foram realizadas 1.035 operações pelo Serviço de Cirurgia Pediátrica, no período seis meses antes da pandemia: 610 procedimentos eletivos (59,93%)e 425 procedimentos de urgência e emergência (41,06%). Enquanto que, no período durante a pandemia, foram 589 operações, no total, sendo 128 eletivas (21,73%) e 461 procedimentos cirúrgicos de urgência e emergência ( 78,26%). Destes números, a maioria dos procedimentos tanto de urgência como eletivos, nos dois períodos, ficaram entre quatro tópicos do estudo. Conclusão: Observou-se redução significativa no número de cirurgias realizadas, às custas, principalmente, de uma importante diminuição das cirurgias eletivas. Também se verificou um discreto aumento no número de cirurgias de urgência.

Development and content validation of an instrument for evaluating competencies in Pediatric Surgery Residency / Desenvolvimento e validação de conteúdo de instrumento para avaliação das competências na residência em cirurgia pediátrica

Abstract: Introduction: a specific instrument is needed to monitor the development of competencies in pediatric surgery during the residency. Objective: to develop an instrument in conformity with the "Milestone Project", using the competencies determined by the Brazilian Association of Pediatric Surgery, for use in the Pediatric Surgery Residency in Brazil. Method: the research was developed in three stages: the development of the initial instrument, qualification with a focal group of experts, and instrument evaluation by Brazilian pediatric surgeons in order to validate and quantify the instrument's acceptance. Result: The initial instrument was created with 4 competencies and 13 sub-competencies, each with 5 levels of assessment. Four experts performed the initial qualification, which resulted in 44 adaptations, and the instrument was finalized with 4 competencies subdivided into 10 sub-competencies, each with 5 levels of assessment. Subsequently, the instrument was evaluated by the Brazilian Pediatric Surgery Group and the Brazilian Pediatric Urology Group. There were 40 expert responses, with a total of 2394 positive responses from the 50 assessment items. The instrument had a general acceptance of 91.2%, being considered applicable (96.7%), reproducible (93.3), relevant to the covered topics (96%), technically (93.6%) and theoretically appropriate (93.3%), reliable (85.5%), and dependable (79.8%). Conclusion: an instrument was developed to assist in the assessment of competencies developed during residency in pediatric surgery in conformity with the Milestone Project. This instrument has been validated by experts and considered applicable, reproducible, relevant, technically and theoretically adequate, reliable and dependable.

Resumo: Introdução: Uma adequada formação na residência em cirurgia pediátrica deve avaliar e acompanhar constantemente o desenvolvimento de competências e, para isso, necessita de um instrumento específico como ferramenta de avaliação. Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar um instrumento de avaliação nos moldes do "Milestone Project" com base nas competências determinadas pela Associação Brasileira de Cirurgia Pediátrica, para uso nos programas de residência médica em cirurgia pediátrica no Brasil. Método: Adotaram-se as seguintes etapas: desenvolvimento do instrumento, qualificação de um grupo de especialistas e avaliação do instrumento por cirurgiões pediatras brasileiros, a fim de validar e quantificar a aceitação do instrumento quanto à fidedignidade, confiabilidade, aplicabilidade, reprodutibilidade, relevância dos temas abordados e adequação dos pontos de vista técnico e teórico. Resultados: O instrumento inicial possuía quatro competências gerais e 13 subcompetências específicas, com cinco níveis de avaliação. Quatro experts realizaram a qualificação que gerou 44 adaptações, finalizando o instrumento com quatro competências gerais subdividias em dez subcompetências, com cinco níveis avaliativos. Sequentemente, o instrumento foi avaliado pelo Grupo Brasileiro de Cirurgia Pediátrica e pelo Grupo Brasileiro de Urologia Pediátrica. Houve 40 respostas de especialistas, 2.394 respostas positivas dos 50 itens. O instrumento teve aceitação de 91,2% e foi considerado aplicável (96,7%), reprodutível (93,3), relevante (96%), tecnicamente adequado (93,6%), teoricamente adequado (93,3%), confiável (85,5%) e fidedigno (79,8%). Conclusão: Esse instrumento nos moldes do "Milestone Project" foi validado por cirurgiões pediatras e considerado aplicável, reprodutível, relevante, adequado, sob os pontos de vista técnico e teórico, confiável e fidedigno.

Reintervención Quirúrgica No Programada: Un análisis de calidad de la atención / Unplanned Return to the Operating Room: An analysis of the quality of the health care

INTRODUCCIÓN: Una Reintervención Quirúrgica No Programada (RQNP) es aquella cirugía no planificada que se rea liza durante los primeros 30 días como consecuencia de una cirugía primaria. En Chile, el análisis y la tasa de RQNP son un indicador de calidad. OBJETIVO: describir y analizar las RQNP en pediatría. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Estudio observacional de corte transversal. Se revisaron los registros clínicos de los pacientes pediátricos sometidos a RQNP en el Hospital Carlos Van Buren en un período de 5 años. Se analizó su incidencia, indicaciones y causas que se clasificaron en 1) causas atribuibles a la técnica quirúrgica; 2) causas relacionadas al tratamiento; 3) patología propia del paciente y 4) otras causas. Se analizó además el cumplimiento de reuniones de análisis de RQNP. RESULTADOS: Se efectuaron 23 RQNP de un total de 5.503 cirugías en 5 años (0,42%). Hubo 11 RQNP de 3.434 cirugías electivas realizadas y 12 RQNP de 2069 cirugías de urgencia realizadas (0,32% v/s 0,58% respectivamente, p = NS). Hubo 2 RQNP en los 82 recién nacidos operados en el período (2,43%, p < 0,01). En todos los casos se realizaron reuniones de análisis de RQNP. En 18 de los 23 pacientes sometidos a RQNP se encontró una causa atribuible a la técnica o planificación quirúrgica. CONCLUSIONES: Las RQNP son poco frecuentes en pediatría excepto en el período neonatal. Se da total cumplimiento a la normativa nacional de reunión de análisis luego de una RQNP que indican que las causas son mayoritariamente atribuibles a la técnica o planificación quirúrgica.

INTRODUCTION: An Unplanned Return to the Operating Room (UROR) is an unplanned surgery performed during the first 30 days as a result of primary surgery. In Chile, the analysis and the UROR rate are quality indicators. OBJECTIVE: to describe and analyze UROR in a pediatrics. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Observa tional cross-sectional study. The clinical records of pediatric patients undergoing UROR at the Hos pital Carlos Van Buren over 5 years were reviewed. The incidence, indications, and causes of UROR were analyzed. The causes of UROR were classified as 1) causes attributable to surgical technique, 2) treatment-related causes, 3) the patient pathology, and 4) other causes. In addition, the observance of the case review meetings after an UROR was analyzed. RESULTS: 23 UROR out of 5,503 surgeries were performed in 5 years, (0.42%). There were 11 UROR out of 3,434 elective surgeries and 12 UROR out of 2,069 emergency ones (0.32% v/s 0.58% respectively, p=NS). There were 2 UROR out of 82 surgeries in newborns, (2.43%, p<0.01). After every UROR, a case review meeting was held. In 18 out of the 23 patients who underwent UROR (78%), the cause was attributable to the surgical technique or planning. CONCLUSIONS: UROR is rare in pediatric surgery, except for the newborn period. Case review meetings are held after every UROR case, according to the national guidelines. The causes of UROR are mostly attributable to the surgical technique or planning.

Utilidad del tiempo de protrombina y el tiempo parcial de tromboplastina activada en la valoración preoperatoria de la hemostasia en pediatría / Usefulness of prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time in the preoperative assessment of hemostasis in pediatrics

Para evaluar la hemostasia preoperatoriamente una historia clínica y examen físico dirigidos están indicados, siendo el uso de pruebas de coagulación recomendados solo cuando existe alguna indicación, y no de rutina; OBJETIVO: el presente estudio pretende conocer la utilidad del TP y APTT en la valoración preoperatorio de coagulopatías en cirugías programadas menores y ambulatorias. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio prospectivo, observacional en un hospital quirúrgico terciario; seleccionamos pacientes sometidos a procedimientos menores y ambulatorio, excluyendo aquellos con comorbilidades, riesgo quirúrgico de sangrado alto o con medicación que interfiera con la coagulación. RESULTADOS: se reclutaron 69 pacientes, se aplicó la historia clínica y el examen físico dirigido identificando 1 paciente sospechoso de trastorno de coagulación (posteriormente descartado); Se realizaron 218 exámenes complementarios: 69 rutinarios (TP, APTT, hemograma) y 149 no rutinarios (Indicados de forma arbitraria), obteniendo valores medios en rangos normales y no pudiendo identificar o descartar trastornos de coagulación con ellos, pero observando un 21% (15 casos) resultados anormales, lo que adicionalmente ocasiono conductas para confirmar o corregir estos valores, que van desde repetir la prueba a transfundir hemoderivados; generando un costo promedio global de 102 Bs. por paciente, sin un beneficio o cambio en la conducta clínica o quirúrgica, CONCLUSIÓN: el estudio estableció que las pruebas rutinarias de screening preoperatorio tienen poca utilidad y son poco costo-beneficiosas en la valoración de la hemostasia para procedimientos menores o ambulatorios, en comparación de una historia clínica y examen físico dirigido; siendo apropiada su indicación cuando existan hallazgos anormales en el examen físico e historia clínica o en base a enfermedades concomitantes.

To evaluate hemostasis preoperatively, a directed clinical history and physical examination are indicated, and the use of routine coagulation being recommended when there is some indication, and not routine; OBJECTIVE: the present study aims to know the usefulness of PT and APTT in the preoperative assessment of coagulopathies in scheduled minor and outpatient surgeries. METHODS: a prospective, observational study was conducted in a tertiary surgical hospital; We select patients undergoing minor and outpatient procedures, excluding those with comorbidities, surgical risk of high bleeding, or with medication that interferes with coagulation. RESULTS: 69 patients were recruited, the clinical history and the directed physical examination were applied, identifying 1 patient suspected of coagulation disorder (later discarded); 218 complementary tests were performed: 69 routine (PT, APTT, blood count) and 149 non-routine (arbitrarily indicated), obtaining mean values in normal ranges and not being able to identify or rule out coagulation disorders with them, but observing 21% ( 15 cases) abnormal results (false positives), which additionally led to behaviors to confirm or correct these values, ranging from repeating the test to transfusing blood products; generating a global average cost of 102 Bs. per patient, without a benefit or change in clinical or surgical behavior. CONCLUSION: the study established that routine preoperative screening tests have little utility and are little cost-beneficial in the assessment of the hemostasis for minor or outpatient procedures, compared to a history and directed physical examination; its indication being appropriate when there are abnormal findings in the physical examination and clinical history or based on concomitant diseases.

Malformación congénita de la vía aérea pulmonar. Reporte de un caso / Congenital malformation of the pulmonary airway. Report of a case

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio es realizar una revisión de la Malformación Congénita Pulmonar a propósito del caso de un feto de una paciente de 34 años que cursaba su segunda gesta, cuyo diagnóstico se realizó a la semana 30 de gestación. Además se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de la patología y de casos similares.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to perform a review of Congenital Pulmonary Malformation regarding a case of a fetus in a 34-year-old woman who was in her second pregnancy, whose diagnosis was made at week 30 of gestation. In addition, a bibliographic review of the pathology and similar cases was carried out

Enhancing recovery in pediatric major abdominal surgery: a narrative review of the literature / Recuperación intensificada en cirugía abdominal mayor en pediatría: revisión narrativa de la literatura

Abstract Introduction: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs in adults have positively impacted morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Its effects on the pediatric population is recognized. Objective: To prepare a narrative review on the current evidence of the various strategies within the framework of enhancing recovery after pediatric surgery, in the context of major abdominal surgery. Methods: A search was conducted on the scientific evidence available in databases (Pubmed/Medline, Science Direct, OVID, SciELO), in order to prepare a narrative literature review. Conclusion: Notwithstanding the limited evidence on the practicality of the ERAS protocols in the pediatric population undergoing major abdominal surgery, better results could be accomplished if these strategies are adopted.

Resumen Introducción: Los programas de recuperación intensificada después de cirugía (ERAS, por sus siglas del inglés enhanced recovery after surgery) en adultos han impactado positivamente en morbilidad, mortalidad y costos en salud. Es conocido su efecto respecto a su efectividad en población pediátrica. Objetivo: Elaborar una revisión narrativa respecto a la evidencia actual de las diferentes estrategias en el marco de programas de recuperación intensificada en cirugía pediátrica (ERPS, por sus siglas del inglés enhancing recovery in pediatric surgery), en el contexto de cirugía abdominal mayor. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sobre la evidencia científica disponible en bases de datos (Pubmed/Medline, Science Direct, OVID, SciELO) para elaborar una revisión narrativa de la literatura. Conclusiones: Aunque existe evidencia limitada sobre la utilidad de los protocolos ERAS en la población pediátrica sometida a cirugía abdominal mayor, podrían lograrse mejores resultados si se adoptan estas estrategias en pacientes pediátricos.

La cirugía pediátrica cubana ante la COVID-19: repercusión y enfrentamiento / Cuban pediatric surgery facing COVID-19: impacts and confrontations

La COVID-19 tiene un impacto significativo en la salud pública a nivel internacional y nacional, por tanto, en la cirugía pediátrica. En Cuba, el Ministerio de Salud Pública ha implementado un protocolo para enfrentar esta contingencia. Como un complemento de este protocolo nacional, la cirugía pediátrica cubana ha pautado las Particularidades en la atención del paciente quirúrgico pediátrico, con el objetivo de presentar un análisis del impacto que ha tenido la COVID-19 en la especialidad, así como de las acciones de enfrentamiento que se acometen a corto, mediano y largo plazo, herramientas técnicas necesarias para realizar el trabajo de la cirugía pediátrica y otras especialidades afines en este contexto epidemiológico. La repercusión de la COVID-19 en la cirugía pediátrica para los pacientes, familiares, cirujanos y residentes de la especialidad no solo se pone de manifiesto ahora, sino que también tendrá consecuencias posteriores, razones por la que se trazan estrategias y acciones concretas, de las cuales algunas ya se han puesto en práctica y se han publicado. En general, la COVID-19 ha producido una verdadera crisis sanitaria sin precedentes que tiene y tendrá un negativo impacto biológico, psicológico y social en pacientes, familiares y la comunidad, no solo en el momento actual sino en el futuro. La cirugía pediátrica cubana sufre afectaciones, pero se toman previsiones, se aprenden lecciones y se implementan nuevos métodos que harán mejor la práctica asistencial y docente en el futuro(AU)

COVID-19 has a significative impact in public health at the national and international levels, and as a consequence in pediatric surgery. In Cuba, the Ministry of Public Health has implemented a protocol to face this contingency. As a complement of this national protocol, Cuban pediatric surgery as specialty has provided guidelines called Special features in the care of pediatric surgical patients, with the aim of presenting an analysis of the impact that COVID-19 has had in this specialty, as well as the confrontation actions that are being carried out in the short, medium and long terms, technical tools needed to perform the pediatric surgery work and in other related specialties in this epidemiological context. The impact of COVID-19 in pediatric surgery for patients, relatives, surgeons and residents of the specialty is not only manifesting now but it will have further consequences; so, there are strategies and concret actions being created, from which some has been already implemented and published. In general terms, COVID-19 has actually produced an unprecedented sanitary crisis that has and will have a negative biological, psychologic and social impact in patients, relatives and communities, not only in this moment but in the future times. Cuban pediatric surgery suffers affectations, but provisions have been taken, lessons are learned and new methods have been implemented that will make the care and teaching practices better in the future(AU)

Do we still need central blocks while we have erector spinae plane block? Case of 2. 5 month old infant / Ainda precisamos de bloqueios centrais enquanto temos o bloqueio do eretor da espinha? Caso de criança de 2, 5 meses de idade

Abstract Erector spinae plane block is gaining popularity both for its ease of application and as its comparable effect on postoperative analgesia with central regional techniques like paravertebral block or epidural anesthesia. Its use for many indications has been reported in the literature for pediatric patients. We would like to share our experiences in a 2.5-month infant scheduled for thoracotomy for a giant congenital cyst. Single shot erector spinae plane block was done at T4 level before the start of the surgery for both surgical and postoperative analgesia. No complication was seen during both surgery and follow up period. Erector spinae plane block with the combination of paracetamol was adequate for pain relief.

Resumo O bloqueio do plano do músculo eretor da espinha tem ganhado popularidade, tanto pela facilidade de aplicação quanto pelo efeito comparável em analgesia pós-operatória com técnicas regionais centrais, como o bloqueio paravertebral ou a anestesia peridural. Seu uso tem sido relatado na literatura para muitas indicações em pacientes pediátricos. Gostaríamos de compartilhar nossas experiências no caso de um bebê de 2,5 meses de idade programado para toracotomia para excisão de um cisto congênito gigante. O bloqueio do plano do eretor da espinha dorsal com injeção única foi realizado no nível de T4 antes do início da cirurgia para analgesia cirúrgica e pós-operatória. Nenhuma complicação foi observada durante a cirurgia e o período de acompanhamento. O bloqueio do plano do eretor da espinha com a combinação de paracetamol foi adequado para o alívio da dor.

Evisceración abdominal postraumática en un niño / Post-traumatic abdominal evisceration in a child

Introducción: Se considera un paciente politraumatizado aquel que presenta dos o más lesiones, de las que al menos una puede comprometer su vida o vaya a originar secuelas invalidantes. Una conducta inicial adecuada puede reducir la mortalidad de pacientes como el que se presenta, pues la atención inicial debe ser ordenada y sistemática; siempre se deben identificar y tratar con prioridad, las lesiones que comprometen la vida del paciente. Objetivo: Presentar un caso, que por su interés y singularidad en el mecanismo de acción, expone la secuencia de actuación que se llevó a cabo por cirujanos generales, fuera de un servicio de cirugía pediátrica. Caso clínico: Se reporta el caso de un paciente masculino de 6 años de edad, que acude al cuerpo de guardia politraumatizado y presenta una avulsión músculo cutánea abdominal con evisceración intestinal, al sufrir caída en movimiento con traumatismo abdominal penetrante con biela de pedal de una bicicleta. A pesar de no contar en la institución de atención, con servicio de cirugía pediátrica, se impuso la cirugía de emergencia por las condiciones del paciente. Conclusiones: Luego de laparotomía inicial con reconstrucción de la pared abdominal y cierre primario con puntos de seguridad, el paciente evolucionó de forma estable. Fue remitido para un servicio de terapia intensiva pediátrica, donde y evolucionó sin complicaciones, hasta su egreso(AU)

Introduction: A polytraumatized patient is considered to be one who presents two or more injuries, of which at least one may compromise his life or cause disabling sequelae. An adequate initial behavior can reduce the mortality of patients such as the one that occurs, because the initial attention must be orderly and systematic, the lesions that compromise the patient's life must always be identified and treated with priority. Objective: To present a case, which due to its interest and uniqueness in the mechanism of action, exposes the sequence of action that was carried out by general surgeons, outside of a pediatric surgery service. Clinical case: We report the case of a 6-year-old male patient who came to emergency, polytraumatized and presenting an abdominal skin muscle avulsion with intestinal evisceration, he suffered a fall during movement with penetrating abdominal trauma with a bike pedal crank. Despite not having a pediatric surgery service in the attending institution, emergency surgery was imposed due to the patient's conditions. Conclusions: After the initial laparotomy with reconstruction of the abdominal wall and primary closure with security points, the patients evolves in a stable way, he was referred to a pediatric intensive care service, where he evolved without complications until discharge(AU)

Os Sentimentos e o Fantasiar em Crianças que Aguardam Cirurgia / Children's Feelings and Fantasies While Awaiting Surgery

Resumo O processo cirúrgico carrega a ideia de agressão, passividade e mobiliza angústias impensáveis. Este estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório investigou as fantasias presentes em crianças no dia anterior à cirurgia. Incluíram-se sete crianças, de ambos os sexos, com idade de cinco a doze anos, internadas para realização de cirurgia em 2014. Utilizou-se como instrumentos lúdicos A Hora do Jogo e o Teste das Fábulas e os dados passaram por análise de conteúdo. Os participantes expressaram a percepção de si enquanto defeituosos e sentimentos de fragilidade, desamparo e diversos medos, bem como fantasias atemorizantes e elaborativas. Concluiu-se que a fantasia manteve seu papel paradoxal: mesmo se constituindo em uma defesa regressiva, revelou-se uma estrutura protetora, auxiliando a atribuir sentido à experiência cirúrgica.

Abstract Surgical procedures convey the idea of aggression and passivity and cause unimaginable anguish. This qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study investigated the use of fantasy by children the day before surgery. Seven children, both sexes and aged five to twelve, who were admitted for surgery in 2014 were included in the study. The instruments used in this study were Play Time and Fables Test. Content analysis was used to explore the data. The participants considered themselves as defective, possessed feelings of fragility and helplessness, and had many fears and frightening elaborative fantasies. It was concluded that fantasies maintained a paradoxical role: even if constituting a regressive defense, they proved to be protective structures, helping to make sense of the surgical experience.

Neuroblastoma infantil: características clínicas, tratamento e prognóstico / Infant neuroblastoma: clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis

Introdução: O neuroblastoma é a mais prevalente neoplasia abdominal pediátrica com um impacto de 15% da mortalidade total por causa oncológica nessa população. Este trabalho tem como objetivo estabelecer os critérios que levam à suspeição, diagnóstico e tratamento deste tumor. Métodos: Elaborado estudo de revisão bibliográfica entre as principais fontes científicas, realizando uma análise comparativa entre os artigos estudados, desconsiderando informações defasadas ou artigos com baixo impacto científico. Resultados: Este trabalho conseguiu reunir as principais informações acerca do neuroblastoma, possibilitando que este artigo sirva como fonte de estudo para profissionais da saúde. Conclusão: Deve-se suspeitar do diagnóstico de neuroblastoma quando a anamnese e o exame físico estiverem associados ao efeito de massa e a síndromes paraneoplásicas. Apesar do neuroblastoma ser uma doença de métodos diagnósticos e tratamento há muito estabelecidos, novos protocolos de estadiamento têm surgido, aderindo novas informações acerca de fatores de risco e predisposições genéticas.

Introduction: Neuroblastoma is the most prevalent abdominal neoplasia among pediatric patients, with an impact of 15% of total mortality of oncologic causes in this population. This article aims to identify the criteria that leads to the suspicion, diagnosis and treatment of the tumor. Methods: We reviewed works in several databases, while doing a comparative analysis of the chosen articles, excluding outdated or with low scientific impact information. Results: This article has managed to summarize the main information about neuroblastoma, allowing it to serve as a go-to source for health professionals. Conclusion: The diagnosis of neuroblastoma should be suspected when anamnesis and physical examination are associated with mass effect and paraneoplastic syndromes. Despite neuroblastoma being a disease with diagnostic methods and treatment long established, new protocol of staging have been emerging, adding new information about risk factors and genetic predispositions.

Aspectos Técnicos de la Pieloplastía Robótica / Technical Aspects of Robotic Pyeloplasty

La cirugía robótica tiene muchos puntos comunes con la cirugía abierta con aumento visual (lupas), determinado por: la visión tridimensional aumentada, la articulación de los instrumentos que permite disecar y pasar puntos en diferentes planos y la precisión con ausencia de temblor en la cirugía.Suman en la pieloplastía robótica: la mínima invasión, el mayor aumento de la imagen, el carácter ambidextro de ella, y la menor tracción de los tejidos, al permitir una cirugía in situ de la unión pieloureteral. El video se inicia con una exposición teórica sobre los puntos importantes referidos a: preservar la irrigación de los tejidos,excision rutinaria de un trozo de uréter proximal para mejorar la distensibilidad y diámetro del uréter y la conveniencia de usar puntos separados en la boca anastomótica para garantizar un buen lumen. Luego se muestra una pieloplastía robótica, enfatizando los puntos señalados durante la cirugía.AU

Robotic surgery has many common points if compared to open surgery with visual magnification (loupes), determined by: increased three-dimensional vision, instruments articulation that enable dissection and passing through points in different planes and precision without tremor in surgery. Additionally, in robotic pyeloplasty, the following must be considered: minimal invasion, greater image magnification, its ambidextrous character and less tissue traction, allowing in situ pyeloureteral junction surgery. The video begins with a theoretical presentation about the important points related: preserving tissue irrigation, routine excision of a section of proximal ureter to improve the distensibility and diameter thereof and the convenience of using separate points in the anastomotic mouth to ensure good lumen. After that, a robotic pyeloplasty is shown, emphasizing the points indicated during the surgery. AU

Epidemiología de pacientes quemados en el Hospital Roberto del Río 2013-2015 y su variación según la estacionalidad / Epidemiology of patients burned in the Hospital Roberto del Río 2013-2015 and its variation according to seasonality

Las quemaduras en la población pediátrica tienen alta morbimortalidad, con secuelas importantes. Estudios han analizado su patrón epidemiológico y postulan que su conocimiento permite anticipar la incidencia y mejorar el tratamiento. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar el patrón epidemiológico de las quemaduras en la población del Hospital Roberto del Río.

Pediatric burns have high morbi-mortality, with important sequelae for children. Studies have analyzed their epidemiological pattern and suggest that this knowledge would help on burn prevention and treatment. The purpose of this investigation is to identify the epidemiological pattern on the Roberto del Río Hospital burned patients.